Do you have students who struggle with understanding literary terms? Approaching literary terms in a more familiar way may help. Combining children’s books and literary terms may be just the trick.
I strive to benefit my own understanding from whatever perspective I have. (The whole turning lemons into lemonade thing.) Even if I don’t actually have “lemons,” just different shaped lemons, I still search for learning. Such is the case with teaching literary devices in high school.
As my own kids grow, my teaching inside the classroom changes. I see students at the end of public education; high school students are at the end of formal, mandatory education. My children are at the start of learning, of exploration, of reading.
Can children’s books and literary terms work in the secondary classroom?
Yes! Older classes do appreciate goofiness and “out of the box” conversations. When their teacher reads a picture book, complete with showing them the pictures, they will pay attention. Additionally, many “younger” books are full of rich examples and images, a perfect design for children’s books and literary terms.
Illustrations and imagery: different conversations.
When I read with my own kids, I experience their understanding of letters and sounds, sure. Naturally, my conversations with them adjust to their understanding. As they become more confident readers, I also see their growth of understanding and enjoying literature.
Part of this growth is because they have a grasp of literary terms. In fact, I am darn impressed with the assignments they bring home–looking at tone, mood, purpose–in first and second grades. Then they mention these literary terms as we read. My heart explodes! I love it.
Years ago, I used children’s books to teach short stories and literature with my high schoolers when my students struggled. Now I read these books as a pre-reading activity regularly and ask students to highlight literary terms. Even if I am teaching a higher level class and students aren’t fully grasping the literary term, I recall a popular story for them. I have found that when students understand terms such as theme, irony, and characterization in regards to literature for younger kids, the application of literary terms to their level of literature becomes easier.
And—don’t worry about babying older students. No matter how you present picture books in the secondary ELA classroom, you can have important conversations. Sure, younger readers might enjoy the illustrations, but older ones will recognize the symbolism and imagery. Younger ones will appreciate the main character, but older ones will understand the tonal shifts regarding the protagonist. Use appropriate domain-specific vocabulary, and older classes will respond well.
Examples of books with repetition, symbolism, rhyme, and more.
Pick up any picture book, and literary elements will jump out. You can find examples of personification and other rhetorical situations in children’s stories. Additionally, the fun repetition and rhyme will make older kids smile. Plus, if you find a story they loved years ago, they might see symbolism and depth they never realized.
Here are three children’s books I have used to teach literary terms to high school students.
Pete the Cat: characterization.
Pete the Cat has many adventures: he forgives friends who eat all the cupcakes, he writes his mom a thank-you note when she is his substitute teacher, and he plans too many activities for his friends.
No matter Pete’s obstacle, he is honest and truthful. He makes mistakes but does not stress about them. Pete is “groovy” and you will have plenty of opportunities to teach indirect characterization and show why you arrived at that conclusion.
A study of high school literary terms almost always includes characterization for the rich conversations. How has Pete developed over the story? Is Pete a flat character? Round? What examples show Pete’s character growth?
Gerald the Giraffe: mood.
Gerald is known as a terrible dance until he finds the right type of music. Then he is the best dancer amongst the animals.
Mood sometimes presents as tricky as you’re teaching literary devices in high school. Students can detect the mood, the feelings evoked in readers from reading.
They have sadness for Gerald when he can’t dance. Gerald hangs his head, leaves the party, and faces ridicule. Later, students feel uplifted and triumphant as Gerald finds what works for him and discovers his strengths.
Mood is one of several important high school literary terms that connects to other pieces of a story. Does the mood of the story influence the story’s theme, that all animals can dance?
Snowmen at Christmas: point of view.
A little boy wonders what his snowman does at night. He imagines what the snowmen do when humans aren’t around.
I first used this book when I taught “A Raisin in the Sun.” My group of students disliked Walter so much that they focused on the dislike more than the understanding of the play. While I was glad they felt passionate about something with the play, they needed to move past it a bit. After reading Snowmen and understanding point of view better, they could ‘walk in Walter’s shoes’ – a theme of the play. We could look at what Walter did, look at how he acts in the time period, and understand his world a little better.
For all three of those books, and most children’s stories, the theme is quite evident. If students struggle to remember the meaning of ‘theme,’ I can quickly return to “The Three Bears” or “Little Red Riding Hood.”
Bring out the crayons?
You can simply share children’s books and literary terms with older students and have a successful day. You can also ask them to create posters, one pagers, or analytical paragraphs after the reading. Take the temperature of the room and proceed.
I’ve found using literary terms from children’s books in the secondary classroom to be quite successful. Perhaps students are less intimidated by analyzing the content. Maybe the examples are quite evident. Maybe students are comfortable with the stories, familiar and fun from childhood.
No matter the reason, students respond well to analyzing children’s literature for literary terms. Sometimes my coworkers think I’m a little goofy, and that’s ok. My goal is for my students to understand literary terms. I’ll present the information in this way if it gets them there.
Download this free literary analysis activity to use with any piece of literature to encourage literary analysis. Many of those activities are adjustable for approaching children’s books and literary terms.